Basics of the GPS Technique: Observation Equations§

2. GPS DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................................2 2.1 THE BASIC IDEA ........................................................................................................................................................2 2.2 THE GPS SEGMENTS..................................................................................................................................................3 2.3 THE GPS SIGNALS .....................................................................................................................................................6 3. THE PSEUDORANGE OBSERVABLE ................................................................................................................8 3.1 CODE GENERATION....................................................................................................................................................9 3.2 AUTOCORRELATION TECHNIQUE .............................................................................................................................12 3.3 PSEUDORANGE OBSERVATION EQUATIONS..............................................................................................................13 4. POINT POSITIONING USING PSEUDORANGE .............................................................................................15 4.1 LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATION ..................................................................................................................................15 4.2 ERROR COMPUTATION.............................................................................................................................................18 5. THE CARRIER PHASE OBSERVABLE ............................................................................................................22 5.1 CONCEPTS................................................................................................................................................................22 5.2 CARRIER PHASE OBSERVATION MODEL...................................................................................................................27 5.3 DIFFERENCING TECHNIQUES....................................................................................................................................32 6. RELATIVE POSITIONING USING CARRIER PHASE...................................................................................36 6.1 SELECTION OF OBSERVATIONS.................................................................................................................................36 6.2 BASELINE SOLUTION USING DOUBLE DIFFERENCES .................................................................................................39 6.3 STOCHASTIC MODEL................................................................................................................................................42 7. INTRODUCING HIGH PRECISION GPS GEODESY......................................................................................44 7.1 HIGH PRECISION SOFTWARE ....................................................................................................................................44 7.2 SOURCES OF DATA AND INFORMATION ....................................................................................................................45 8. CONCLUSIONS .....................................................................................................................................................46